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THCN, H4CBD, THM, THCP, HHCPO... new synthetic and semi-synthetic CBD derivatives are appearing at breakneck speed, so it's not always easy to know what you're dealing with.
Need a refresher on all these products? Interested in how they're made and what they do? This is the place!
As you probably know, a synthetic molecule is a molecule composed from scratch (or almost) in the laboratory. This is the case, for example, withHHCPO. This molecule does not exist in its natural state, but is the result of the transformation of HHC, itself derived from CBD.
A semi-synthetic molecule is also synthesized in the laboratory, but not from scratch. Instead, a molecule is synthesized from existing biological material, hence the term semi-synthetic.
There are two types of semi-synthetic molecules: CBN and THCP belong to the first. These are molecules that already exist in nature, but their synthesis is necessary to artificially increase the level contained in a flower. CBD is thus modified to obtain more CBN or THCP.
The latter are the result of the transformation of an existing molecule. This is the case with H4CBD, which is the result of a CBD molecule to which 4 hydrogen atoms have been added.
Modification allows cannabinoids to interact in a different, often stronger, way with our endocannabinoid system. As you know, all mammals have a network of endocannabinoid receptors scattered throughout the body. These receptors react chemically to regulate certain biological responses in our bodies. They are involved in the regulation of stress, sleep, pain, inflammation and much more.
There are two types of receptors stimulated by hemp consumption. It's a little more complicated, but roughly speaking, the action of hemp can be summed up as follows: CB1 receptors are stimulated more by THC and CB2 receptors by CBD. Basically, stimulation of the former produces a sensation of euphoria and sensory modification, known as the high. Stimulation of the second produces deep relaxation and soothing.
Like THM, THCN is a cocktail of cannabinoids developed in our laboratories. The difference is that it is then infused in a high-concentration CBN isolate.
This product creates a powerful entourage effect, resulting in deep physical and mental relaxation. With no psychoactive effects, it's perfect for chilling out and unwinding.
Like THM, MCPN is a cannabinoid mix, its name standing for Maximum Cannabinoid Power Natural. It's a cocktail made from 100% natural cannabinoid isolates infused with high-quality CBD flowers. In addition to CBD, MCPN contains CBN, CBC and CBG.
Cannabinoids create a synergistic, entourage effect, which has no psychoactive effect, but can induce mild euphoria and plunge you into a state of deep relaxation.
MCPB is the psychoactive counterpart of MCPN. Its name stands for Max Cannabinoid Power Boost. It's also a blend of cannabinoids, but not just natural cannabinoids: in addition to CBD, CBN and CBG, MCPB also contains 8-OH-HHC and 10-OH-HHC.
Designed to create a psychoactive effect that can be compared to that of HHC, it also creates a strong sense of relaxation and release.
Muscimole is an alkaloid secreted by mushrooms of the Amanite family. This molecule has been known since the dawn of mankind for its phsycoactive and psychedelic effects.
Muscimol flowers and resins are brand new on the market. Ingested as an infusion, in the form of space cookies or consumed as a spray, they promise powerful relaxation of a whole new kind.
THM is a product unlike any other. "THM" stands for "The Hot Mix". It's our little CBDOO signature cocktail of natural cannabinoids, featuring 15% CBD, 15% CBDP, 5% CBG, 5% CBN, 5% CBC. These natural molecules interact with each other to create a powerful entourage effect. Some claim similar effects to HHC.
This type of product is flourishing in online CBD stores. You'll find it under various acronyms, such as HDH for "High Density Herb", RAF for "Rapid Absorption Formula", MCPN for "Maximum Cannabinoid Power Natural" or HSD for "High-Stimulant Delight". These products offer different cocktails of cannabinoids, so be sure to read the product descriptions and compositions carefully to avoid any nasty surprises.
CBDP is a minor cannabinoid naturally present at very low levels in hemp and cannabis plants. It was discovered at the same time as its THC version, THCP.
Like CBD, it has very strong similarities with its cousin CBD. But its longer side chain makes it far more effective.
10 OH HHC is a new kind of molecule. Not a cannabinoid, it's a metabolite of HHC, a by-product created by the oxidation of HHC by liver enzymes.
In other words, it's one of the molecules created by the liver's digestion of HHC. Because this molecule is naturally obtained by the body, some believe it has a greater safety profile than HHC.
What is certain is that, like it, it is capable of provoking a psychoactive effect, producing a rapid, short-lived high.
H4CBD is obtained by adding 4 hydrogen molecules to one CBD molecule. This modification gives it greater stimulating power on CB2 receptors. The result is the same kind of relaxation as CBD, but with a tenfold increase in strength.
H3CBN is obtained by adding 3 hydrogen molecules to the CBN molecule. In doing so, its action changes completely. Whereas CBN is known for its relaxing properties, H3CBN has an exciting, energizing effect , giving you a feeling of euphoria without making you lose your lucidity.
THCP is the only one on this list to occur naturally in plants. But its concentration rarely exceeds 0.20%. It is therefore synthesized to increase its concentration in flowers and resins. Like THC, it stimulates CB1 receptors, and their effects on the body can be quite similar. The only notable difference seems to lie in the potency of the effects. According to some preliminary studies, THCP is 33 times more stimulating than THC! But don't confuse stimulation with the effects you feel, which don't always rhyme with each other.
HHCPO is a derivative obtained by the hydrogenation and acetylation of HHC, itself obtained from CBD. HHCPO is recognized for its psychoactive effects, which are similar to those of HHC , but even more potent. Like HHC, HHCPO stimulates CB1 receptors, providing a euphoric sensation and a perceptual high.
THC-V or tetrahydrocannabivarin is a relatively well-known minor cannabinoid, having been discovered in the 1960s. Naturally present in hemp, it has long been used by customs to identify the origin of plants seized at borders.
According to studies, THCV has an anti-stress effect similar to that of CBD. It also offers a mild psychotropic effect that does not last over time.
Tetrahydrocannabioctyl, THCJD, is a cannabinoid naturally present in hemp plants. But it represents only a tiny fraction of the total.
At the molecular level, it is distinguished from other cannabinoids in the THC family by its longer side chain. This gives it a stronger interaction with CB1 and CB2 receptors, resulting in more pronounced, longer-lasting effects.
Tetrahydrocannabiphorol acetate-O, THCPO, is a synthetic cannabinoid obtained from the acetylation of THC-P.
This chemical process gives this synthetic cannabinoid greater potency and a new kind of psychoactive effect, while remaining powerful and long-lasting.
Like THCPO, cannabinol acetate-O is an acetylated version of an existing cannabinoid: CBN. Which itself is derived from the oxidation of THC.
CBN-O, like most acetates, is unknown in its natural state and is therefore synthetic. In terms of its effects, this acetylation seems to give it greater relaxing power than its natural version. It is also said to help induce sleep.
Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THCB, belongs to the same family as THC-H, P and JD, but unlike the latter, it has a shorter carbon chain than THC.
According to the results of studies on this carbon chain, this molecule is capable of weaker binding with CB1 and CB2 receptors, producing faster, milder and milder effects than other cannabinoids in its class.
Tetrahydrocannabinol is a cannabinoid that has been found incidentally on hemp plants. As far as we know, it has only been observed twice in its natural state, once in smoke, and only on one variety of hemp.
In terms of potency and effect, its molecular structure would place it third after THC-JD and THC-P. However, as this cannabinoid is very rare, we know very little about it.
THV, also known as THV2, is a synthetic cannabinoid derived from CBD. Unlike recent derivatives such as THCP or HHCPO, it was not designed to mimic THC, but to reproduce the effects of THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin).
No scientific study has yet precisely described its biological effects, but by analogy with THCV, it could create a sensation of mental stimulation and an energy boost at low doses, as well as mild euphoria and relaxation at higher doses.
THCF, also known as NL-1, is a new-generation synthetic cannabinoid developed in a European laboratory. Inspired by THC, it is designed to reproduce its positive effects (euphoria, relaxation, calming...) while reducing side effects such as anxiety or paranoia.
Users describe a smooth, clear and controlled high, combining mental well-being, relaxation and concentration, without loss of lucidity.
CBX, or cannabioxepane, is a rare natural cannabinoid discovered in 2011 during research on Carmagnola industrial hemp, an Italian variety rich in CBD and low in THC. Its chemical structure is unique: it belongs to a so-called biphenyl family, with an aromatic tetracyclic architecture very different from THC and CBD.
But despite this molecular originality, CBX does not interact with CB1 or CB2 receptors, nor with TRPA1 channels involved in pain or inflammation. In other words, it has no known psychoactive or pharmacological activity.
CBDX, sometimes referred to as CBD-X, is not an identified molecule but a commercial blend that appeared in 2024, after derivatives such as HHCPO and THCP were banned. Presented by some sellers as a more potent CBD, it is said to be a cocktail of cannabinoids and terpenes designed to mimic CBD's relaxing and anti-stress effects.
However, no official information is given on its composition: neither the cannabinoids used, nor the dosages, nor the manufacturing processes.
HPE, for High Potential Effect, is a recently synthesized molecule that appeared on the CBD market in the summer of 2024, shortly after the ban on HHC and derivatives such as THCP or H4CBD. Like CBDX, HPE has no identified chemical structure.
The stores that sell it present it as "boosted" CBD, designed to amplify the relaxing and anti-stress effects, and even induce a mild euphoria.
Often confused with CBG9, CB9 (for Cannabinoid 9) is a recent cannabinoid whose discovery remains shrouded in mystery. It was identified by chance during the analysis of a CBD distillate.
Present in trace amounts in hemp, the CB9 available on the market is most often semi-synthetic, obtained in the laboratory from other cannabinoids.
Its chemical structure, similar to CBD but slightly modified, is thought to give it effects closer to HHC: mild euphoria, marked relaxation and sometimes creative stimulation. Scientific data are still scarce, but it is thought to interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors, explaining its moderate psychoactive profile.
CBG9, or Cannabigerol-9, is presented by some stores as an "innovative" new natural cannabinoid, supposed to offer effects similar to CBG, but more powerful.
In fact, no scientific study mentions this molecule: "CBG9" seems to be primarily a trade name, with no clear correspondence in research.
Its effects can vary depending on the website selling it, so we advise you to read the product data sheets carefully and exercise caution if you wish to consume it.
THC-O, or THC acetate ester, is an acetylated form of THC, as THCPO is for THCP. Discovered in the early XXᵉ century, this cannabinoid came into the spotlight in the 1970s, when it was described by some authors as the most "spiritual" and "psychedelic" cannabinoid.
This largely contributed to its reputation as a highly potent cannabinoid, prompting most countries in the world to classify it as a narcotic.
In fact, recent studies show that THC-O is not psychedelic, but rather psychoactive, with an intensity often considered stronger than that of classic THC. However, as it is still banned in most countries around the world, there is little data available to confirm this.
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CBD derivatives have been developed to make the effects of their consumption stronger. Everyone has their own reasons for consuming CBD, CBD derivatives could :
In France, legislation is primarily concerned with THC concentration. No product may contain more than 0.3% THC. Apart from that, every product must be rigorously tested, and will be banned or accepted depending on its addictive effect.
This is exactly what happened with HHC. As a new molecule, it could not be banned outright. So it remained available until analyses demonstrated its addictive effect. All the molecules discussed in this article, apart from H3CBN and THCV, are now totally banned. THC-B, THCP, THCJD and HHCPO have been made illegal by their inclusion on the list of narcotic substances as of June 3, 2024.
This question is often asked, but it's not easy to answer. In itself, the transformation these molecules undergo is not dangerous. It is commonly used in the design of many food products. Nevertheless, the lack of research into natural cannabinoids already leaves a great deal of uncertainty as to their long- and medium-term effects. So, when it comes to modified cannabinoids, the mass of information is even smaller. So, as things stand, it's difficult to conclude whether these molecules are beneficial or dangerous.
Nonetheless, the Frenchdrug agency has placed these molecules on the list of narcotics, in order to rule out any health risks associated with synthetic or semi-synthetic molecules.
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